U.S. GOVERNMENT EXPERIMENTS ON HUMANS

The U.S. Government has been caught conducting an insane amount of vile, inhumane and grisly experiments on humans without their consent and often without their knowledge. So in light of recent news of the U.S. infecting Guatemalans with STDs, here are the 13 most evil, for lack of a better word, cases of human-testing as conducted by the United States of America. Get ready to become one of those conspiracy theory nuts, because after this list, you will never fully trust your government again.

1) Mind Control, Child Abuse - Project MKULTRA, Subproject 68

This is the stuff of nightmares.

The CIA-ran Project MKULTRA paid Dr. Donald Ewen Cameron for Subproject 68, which would be experiments involving mind-altering substances. The entire goal of the project was to probe examination into methods of influencing and controlling the mind and being able to extract information from resisting minds.

So in order to accomplish this, the doctor took patients admitted to his Allen Memorial Institute in Montreal and conducted "therapy" on them. The patients were mostly taken in for issues like bi-polar depression and anxiety disorders. The treatment they received was life-altering and scarring.

In the period he was paid for (1957 - 1964) Cameron administered electroconvulsive therapy at 30-40 times the normal power. He would put patients into a drug-induced coma for months on-end and playback tapes of simple statements or repetitive noises over and over again.

The victims forgot how to talk, forgot about their parents, and suffered serious amnesia.

And all of this was performed on Canadian citizens because the CIA wasn’t willing to risk such operations on Americans.

To ensure that the project remained funded, Cameron, in one scheme, took his experiments upon admitted children and in one situation had the child engage in sex with high-ranking government officials and film it.

He and other MKULTRA officers would blackmail the officials to ensure more funding.

2) Mustard Gas Tested on Soldiers via Involuntary Gas Chambers

As bio-weapon research intensified in the 1940's, officials also began testing its repercussions and defenses on the Army itself.

In order to test the effectiveness of various bio-weapons, officials were known to have sprayed mustard gas and other skin-burning, lung-ruining chemicals, like Lewisite, on soldiers without their consent or knowledge of the experiment happening to them.

They also tested the effectiveness of gas masks and protective clothing by locking soldiers in a gas chamber and exposing them to mustard gas and lewisite, evoking the gas chamber image of Nazi Germany.

EFFECTS OF LEWISITE: Lewisite is a gas that can easily penetrate clothing and even rubber. Upon contact with the skin, the gas immediately causes extreme pain, itching, swelling and even a rash. Large, fluid-filled blisters develop 12 hours after exposure in the form of intensely severe chemical burns. And that's just skin contact with the gas.

Inhaling of the gas causes a burning pain in the lungs, sneezing, vomiting, and pulmonary edema.

EFFECTS OF MUSTARD GAS: Symptomless until about 24 hours after exposure, Mustard Gas has mutagenic and carcinogenic properties that have killed many subjected to it. Its primary effects include severe burns that turn into yellow-fluid-leaking boils over a period of time. Although treatment is available, Mustard Gas burns heal very, very slowly and are extremely painful. The burns the gas leaves on the skin are sometimes irreparable.

It was also rumored that along with the soldiers, patients at VA hospitals were being used as guinea pigs for medical experiments involving bio-warfare chemicals, but that all experiments were changed to be known as "observations" to ward off suspicions.

3) U.S. Grants Immunity to Involuntary-Surgery Monster

As head of Japan's infamous Unit 731 (a covert biological and chemical warfare research and development unit of the Imperial Japanese Army during World War II), Dr. Shiro Ishii (head of medicine) carried out violent human experimentation of tens of thousands during the Second Sino-Japenses War and World War II.

Ishii was responsible for testing vivisection techniques without any anesthesia on human prisoners. For the uninitiated, vivisection is the act of conducting experimental surgery on living creatures (with central nervousness) and examining their insides for scientific purposes.
So basically, he was giving unnecessary surgery to prisoners by opening them all the way up, keeping them alive and not using any anesthetic.

For a disturbing video about vivisection see the video below

 

During these experiments he would also force pregnant women to abort their babies. He also played God by subjecting his prisoners to change in physiological conditions and inducing strokes, heart attacks, frost bite, and hypothermia. Ishii considered these subjects "logs".

Following imminent defeat in 1945, Japan blew up the Unity 731 complex and Ishii ordered all the remaining "logs" to be executed. Not soon after, Ishii was arrested. And then, the respected General Douglas McArthur allegedly struck a deal with Ishii. If the U.S. granted Ishii immunity from his crimes, he must exchange all germ warfare data based on human experimentation.

So Ishii got away with his crimes because the US became interested in the results of his research.

While not directly responsible for these acts, the actions of the American government certainly illustrated it was more than willing to condone human torture for advancements in biological warfare that could kill even more people.

Not a surprise, considering its past resume. Ishii remained alive until 1959, performing research into bio-weaponry and probably thinking up more plans to annihilate people in different, Dr. Giggles-esque ways to his dying day.

4) Deadly Chemical Sprays on American Cities

Showing once again that the U.S. always tends to test out worse-case scenarios by getting to them first and with the advent of biochemical warfare in the mid 20th century, the Army, CIA and government conducted a series of warfare simulations upon American cities to see how the effects would play out in the event of an actual chemical attack.

They conducted the following air strikes/naval attacks:

- The CIA released a whooping cough virus on Tampa Bay, using boats, and so caused a whooping cough epidemic. 12 people died.

- The Navy sprayed San Francisco with bacterial pathogens and in consequence many citizens developed pneumonia.

- Upon Savannah, GA and Avon Park, FL, the army released millions of mosquitoes in the hopes they would spread yellow fever and dengue fever. The swarm left Americans struggling with fevers, typhoid, respiratory problems, and the worst, stillborn children.

Even worse was that after the swarm, the Army came in disguised as public health workers. Their secret intention the entire time they were giving aid to the victims was to study and chart-out the long term effects of all the illnesses they were suffering.

 

5) US Infects Guatemalans With STD's

 

In the 1940's, with penicillin as an established cure for syphilis, the US decided to test out its effectiveness on Guatemalan citizens.

To do this, they used infected prostitutes and let them loose on unknowing prison inmates, insane asylum patients and soldiers. When spreading the disease through prostitution didn't work as well as they'd hoped, they instead went for the inoculation route.

Researchers poured syphilis bacteria onto mens' penises and on their forearms and faces. In some cases, they even inoculated the men through spinal punctures.

After all the infections were transmitted, researchers then gave most of the subjects treatment, although as many as 1/3 of them could have been left untreated, even if that was the intention of the study in the first place.

On October 1, 2010, Hilary Clinton apologized for the events and new research has gone on to see if anyone affected is still alive and afflicted with syphilis. Since many subjects never got penicillin, its possible and likely that someone spread it to future generations.

6) Secret Human Experiments to Test the Effects of The Atomic Bomb

While testing out and trying to harness the power of the atomic bomb, U.S. scientists also secretly tested the bomb's effects on humans.

During the Manhattan Project, which gave way to the atomic bomb that destroyed Hiroshima and Nagasaki, U.S. scientists resorted to secret human testing via plutonium injection on 18 unsuspecting, non-consenting patients.

This included injecting soldiers with micrograms of plutonium for Project Oak Ridge along with later injecting three patients at a Chicago hospital. Imagine you're an admitted patient, helpless in a hospital bed, assuming that nothing is wrong when the government suddenly appears and puts weapons-grade plutonium in your blood.

Out of the 18 patients, who were known only by their code-names and numbers at the time, only 5 lived longer than 20 years after injection.

Along with plutonium, researchers also had fun with uranium. At a Massachusetts hospital, between 1946 and 1947, Dr. William Sweet injected 11 patients with uranium. He was funded by the Manhattan Project.

And in exchange for the uranium he received from the government, he would keep dead tissue from the body of the people he killed for scientific analysis on the effects of uranium exposure.

7) Injected Prisoners with Agent Orange

Above is a video of what the effects of Agent Orange can do to children of parents affected, or even exposed, to it.

WARNING: video may be disturbing, but is a reality of what Americans used as biological warfare during Vietnam and what we, as Americans, VOLUNTARILY injected into people for "testing" purposes... with the help of a very popular American company.

While he received funding from the Agent Orange producing Dow Chemical Company, the US Army, and Johnson & Johnson, Dr. Albert Kligman used prisoners as subjects in what was deemed "dermatological research".

The dermatology aspect was testing out product the effects of Agent Orange on the skin. For the effects Agent Orange had on the Vietnamese during the Vietnam War, please click  here  (WARNING images in this article may be extremely disturbing, as they include extreme human deformation, including that of infants.)

Needless to say the injecting of, or exposure to, dioxidin is beyond monstrous to voluntarily do to any human. Kligman, though, injected dioxidin (a main component of Agent Orange) into the prisoners to study its effects.

What did happen was that the prisoners developed an eruption of chloracne (all that stuff from high school combined with blackheads and cysts and pustules that looked like the picture shown to the left) that develop on the cheeks, behind the ears, armpits, and the groin -- yes, the groin.

Kligman was rumored to have injected 468 times the amount he was authorized to. Documentation of that effect has, wisely, not been distributed.

The Army oversaw while Kligman continued to test out skin-burning chemicals to (in their words) "learn how the skin protects itself against chronic assault from toxic chemicals, the so-called hardening process" and test out many products whose effects were unknown at the time, but with the intent of figuring that out.

During these proceedings, Kligman was reported to have said, "All I saw before me were acres of skin ... It was like a farmer seeing a fertile field for the first time."

Using that analogy, it's easy to see how he could plow straight through so many human subjects without an ounce of sympathy.

8) Operation Paperclip

While the Nuremberg trials were being conducted and the ethics and rights of humanity were under investigation, the U.S. was secretly taking in Nazi scientists and giving them American identities.

Under Operation Paperclip, named so because of the paperclips used to attach the scientists' new profiles to their US personnel pages, N***s who had worked for in the infamous human experiments (which included surgically grafting twins to each other and making then conjoined, removing nerves from people's bodies without anesthetic, and testing explosion-effects on them) in Germany brought over their talents to work on a number of top secret projects for the US.

Given then-President Truman’s anti-Nazi orders, the project was kept under wraps and the scientists received faked political biographies, allowing these monsters to live on not only American soil, but as free men.

So while it was not direct experimentation, it was the U.S. taking some of the worst people in the world and giving them jobs here to do unknown, horrible.

9) Infecting Puerto Rico With Cancer

In 1931, Dr. Cornelius (that’s right, Cornelius) Rhoads was sponsored by the Rockefeller Institute to conduct experiments in Puerto Rico. He infected Puerto Rican citizens with cancer cells, presumably to study the effects. Thirteen of them died.

What’s most striking is that the accusations stem from a note he allegedly wrote:

"The Porto Ricans (sic) are the dirtiest, laziest, most degenerate and thievish race of men ever to inhabit this sphere... I have done my best to further the process of extermination by killing off eight and transplanting cancer into several more... All physicians take delight in the abuse and torture of the unfortunate subjects."

A man that seems to be hell-bent on killing Puerto Rico through a cancer infestation would not seem a suitable candidate to be elected by the US to be in charge of chemical warfare projects and receive a seat on the United States Atomic Energy Commission, right?

But that’s exactly what happened. He also became vice-president of the American Cancer Society.

Any shocking documentation that would have happened during his chemical warfare period would probably have been destroyed by now.

10) Pentagon Treats Black Cancer Patients with Extreme Radiation

In the 60’s, the Department of Defense performed a series of irradiation experiments on non-consenting, poor, African-American cancer patients. They were told they would be receiving treatment, but they weren’t told it would be the "Pentagon" type of treatment: meaning to study the effects of high level radiation on the human body.

To avoid litigation, forms were signed only with initials so that the patients would have no way to get back at the government.

In a similar case, Dr. Eugene Saenger, funded by the Defense Atomic Support Agency (fancy name), conducted the same procedure on the same type of patients. The poor, black Americans received about the same level of radiation as 7500 x-rays to their chest would, which caused intense pain, vomiting and bleeding from their nose and ears. At least 20 of the subjects died.

11) Operation Midnight Climax

Here's a government experiment that, when you Google it, has completely different image results than web results.

Operation Midnight Climax involved safe houses in New York and San Fransisco, built for the sole purpose to study LSD effects on non-consenting individuals.

But in order to lure the individuals there, the CIA made these safe houses out to be, wait for it, Brothels.

Prostitutes on the CIA payroll (yes, there was such a thing) lured "clients" back the houses.

Instead of having sex with them, though, they dosed them with a number of substances, most famously LSD. This also involved extensive use of marijuana.

The experiments were monitored behind a two-way mirror, kind of like a sick, twisted peep show.

Furthermore, it's alleged that the officials who ran the experiments described them as..." it was fun, fun, fun. Where else could a red-blooded American boy lie, kill, cheat, steal, rape and pillage with the sanction and bidding of the All-highest?"

The most horrifying part was the idea of dosing non-consenting adults with drugs they couldn't possibly know the effects of.

Embedded is a video of a soldier talking about Operation Midnight Climax and his experiences with the C.I.A. and the U.S. Government.

12) Fallout Radiation on Unsuspecting Pacific Territories

After unleashing hell upon Hiroshima and Nagasaki, the United States embarked on numerous thermonuclear bomb tests in the Pacific in response to increased Soviet bomb activity. They were intended to be a secret affair. However, this secrecy would fail.

Detonated in 1954 over Bikini Atoll in the Marshall Islands, Castle Bravo was the most powerful nuclear device the US ever set off. What they didn't expect was for the fallout from the blast to inadvertently be blown upwind onto nearby residents of other islands. The suffering included birth defects and radiation sickness. The effects were greater felt in later years when many children whose parents were exposed to the fallout developed thyroid cancer and neoplasms.

This created Project 4.1, a study to examine the effects of radiation fallout on human beings. Essentially,it was the latest in a long string of studies where humans act as guinea pigs without giving consent and a project remembered by the US as a way to gather data that would otherwise be unobtainable. The US moral standard that history best remembers is that even though the radiation fallout on the people of the Marshall Islands was an accident, it might as well have been intended.

In addition, perhaps as nature's way of adding insult to injury, a Japanese fishing boat was caught in the fallout. The fishermen all fell ill and one died, making the Japanese livid that the US was still affecting them with nuclear devices.

13) Tuskegee

The recent uncovering of the US exposing Guatemalans to syphilis brings back to mind this infamous study. In between 1932 and 1972, researchers recruited 400 black share-croppers in Tuskegee, Alabama to study the natural progression of syphilis.

But the scientists never told the men they had syphilis. Instead, they went around believing that they were being treated for "bad blood" disease as researchers used them to find out the extent of syphilis symptoms and effects.

In 1947, penicillin became the standard cure for syphilis. But along with withholding information about the disease, scientists also "forgot" to tell their subjects that what they were being treated for had a cure. And so the study continued for nearly 30 years more.

Once it was discovered, the backlash to the study was so fierce that President Bill Clinton made formal apology, stating he was sorry that the government "orchestrated a study that was so racist". Sadly enough, it would be horrific, but one of the more docile evil human experiments ever conducted by the U.S. Government.

Source : http://www.ranker.com

 

 

 

 

CHICO CALIFORNIA - BROWN RAIN EVENT

MRG Report: The ‘Brown Rain’ Event

   The ‘Brown Rain’ Event

Remember the odd “rain” that left Chico’s cars streaked with brown ash-like residue? What follows is MRG’s report from Marla Crites and Betty Credit:

 The Weather Event of May 14, 2012

 

In the words of one of our members who was awake during the night of the strange rain…

 “It was called rain, however, myself, my son, and others I have spoken to, did not feel the wetness of the drops. The water seemed to dissipate at touch. At 2:30 a.m., my son woke me up to tell me of the powder that had covered my car. At the time, I thought it was pollen from the trees, blown off from the rain. However, upon morning, I definitely had questions about what had actually happened the night prior. My car, and all others I saw in my immediate area, were covered with a tan-colored light ash. It was such a fine powder; yet, I could not drive my car without washing my window. One of the creepiest experiences was driving to the store. Every car I passed, that had obviously been exposed was covered with the same thing. Then, to top things off, I had to go to the car wash to clean my car, because it looked like it was covered in volcanic ash!! When I got to the car wash, there was a line of cars that was unprecedented. Every car was covered with the same thing. By the time I exited the wash, the cars in line were uncountable. No explanation, no one seemed bothered by this ‘EVENT’.”

 Adding to her description: Each car was not only covered in a fine tan powder, but there were often streaks through the powder as if made by water. The “ash” was not easy to scrape off the windshields, but I managed to obtain several samples for testing.

 The Official Explanation

The Enterprise Record newspaper ran a story the next day in which Anthony Watts, longtime local meteorologist, was interviewed. He surmised that agricultural activity had raised a great deal of dust which an updraft carried to the upper atmosphere from where it fell as the “brown rain”. It is true that plumes of dust did rise as farmers worked the dry fields. (although this happens every year) I enquired of the Air Quality Board and the Public Health Environmental people as to what they thought had caused this strange event. They all lined up behind Anthony’s explanation and had no plans to test any of the resulting powder.

 

Chico Sky Watch Tests

A ranch manager in Durham tasted (yes!) the powder, said it was vile and not dirt or pollen. A CSW member poured purified water on her solar panel, caught it at the bottom in a clean bowl, and took it to Basic Lab. Results were 52,000 ppb aluminum, 480 barium and 413 strontium. To put these numbers in perspective, aluminum should be 0.5 ppb and 1,000 ppb is the EPA Maximum Contaminant Level and Mandatory Action Level. There should be no barium or strontium in rain. So these numbers are exceedingly and alarmingly high.

We sent a sample of the powder to Larry Meyer in Oregon who cultured it and sent the growths on to Pro-Lab in Florida. Results were that 6 different, not uncommon molds were present. The molds are known to cause asthma, hay fever and allergies. Links to both lab reports follow.

Basic Lab Report

http://www.chicoskywatch.org/assets/tests/basic-lab-report-6-22-12-1a079e347fadc0f6c3b23de1e6395cf8.pdf

http://www.chicoskywatch.org/assets/tests/pro-labs-report-6-6-12-1fca340ea69f24ad46fbfc27f6a5a9e0.pdf

 Unanswered Questions:

1.   Is there any way to distinguish natural soil based aluminum from the aluminum oxide that is a component of aerosol spray?

2.   How likely is it that dust from farming activities would account for the 52K ppb in the rain?

3.   How abnormal for rainfall is the type and amount of molds identified by Pro-Lab?

4.   Is there mold in “normal” rainwater?

See http://www.chicoskywatch.org/tests for more information.

Chico Rain Lab Report

(Gratitude to Larry Meyer, MRG Senior Research Associate)

Recently, Morgellons Research Group (MRG) received an interesting specimen from Chico Skywatch, collected from a most unusual rainstorm which fell over a sizable area of Butte County, California. Marla Crites of Chico Skywatch in submitting the specimen wrote that “brown rain” had fallen on this locale on May 14, 2012.

   Chico Sample As Received by L. Meyer     

Chico sample as it began to bloom in agar (L. Meyer)

 The Chico sample as sent to Pro-Labs (L. Meyer)

MRG performed a microscopic examination/photography of the brown finely granular sample and placed a portion in agar to observe what might grow. The resulting “bloom” was sent to our laboratory for identification. Six varieties of fungal material were identified.

  The ProLab Report  

Prolab report on chico rain

Dr. Richie Shoemaker, MD of Pocomoke, Maryland, in his book MOLD WARRIORS, states that there is evidence several fungal varieties that may have been “weaponized”.

At this time, Morgellons Research Group wishes to initiate a research project to study rain and snow precipitates and is pleased to invite you to precipitate. It is our desire to collect data from the various areas where Skywatch groups are active. Data obtained would be shared with participating groups and published on MRG’s website.

The Second Collection Sent to the Lab

by Larry Meyer

On June 28th, I used a clean petri dish to capture the first five raindrops to fall that day at my location on the Oregon Coast. Agar was added and a bloom began within a day. Shown is one of several varieties of Fungus from that rain:

  THE FINDINGS

ProLab Report sent to L. Meyer

2nd prolab report first 5 drops of rain

In July 2012, Larry Meyer also collected this specimen from rain. An artifact found in rain on the Oregon Coast- July 3, 2012 – 0.5 x 0.5mm.

Image Credit to Larry Meyer

Six (6) species of Fungi and One (1) yeast were found in both of these samples:

Cladophialophora was found in Portland, Oregon

For comparison, one can see that a mixture of these could be devastating, not only to crops, ocean life but human life as well. How did these spores and mycelia come together and form a brown rain? Yellow rain is very similar.  Red rain is from an algae.

I.   Cladosporium, (found in both Samples of Brown Rain)  Examples of Cladosporium

     A  . Cladosporium …..C Herbarum

Allergen Exposure

Spores of Cladosporium spp. probably occur more abundantly worldwide than any other spore type and are the dominant airborne spores in many areas, especially in temperate climates. (1, 2, 3, 4) Although C. cladosporioides may be the most prevalent airborne species, C. herbarum frequently dominates indoor and outdoor air and is a major source of fungal inhalant allergens. (3, 5)There are about 500 species of Cladosporium. Many are saprophytic on plant litter.

C. herbarum is widely distributed in our environment and is a major source of fungal inhalant allergen. (4) C. herbarum is one of the most common environmental fungi to be isolated worldwide. It occurs abundantly on fading or dead leaves of herbaceous and woody plants, as a secondary invader on necrotic leaf spots, and has frequently been isolated from air, foodstuffs, paints, textiles, humans and numerous other substrates. It is also known to occur on old carpophores of mushrooms and other fungi and as a common endophyte, especially in temperate regions. Under favourable climatic conditions C. herbarum also germinates and grows as an epiphyte on the surface of green, healthy leaves. (6)

http://www.phadia.com/en/Allergen-information/ImmunoCAP-Allergens/Molds-and-other-Microorganisms/Allergens/Cladosporium-herbarum-/

**************************

     B.   Cladosporium:  C. carrionii and C. yegresii

Fig. 7.  Conidial morphology in selected branches of (upper row: A-C) C. carrionii, strain CBS 260.83; (lower row: D-F) C. yegresii, strain CBS 114405. In this respect the two species are identical. Scale bar = 10

http://www.biomedsearch.com/nih/Molecular-analysis-pathogenicity-Cladophialophora-carrionii/18491001.html

     C.  Cladosporium elatum, Cladosporium herbarum, Cladosporium sphaerospermum, and Cladosporium cladosporioides.

Cladosporium is the genera most frequently encountered in both outdoor and indoor air. It is frequently found in elevated levels in water-damaged environments. Some species may be resistant to certain types of treated lumber. Cladosporium appears gray to black or very dark green and can have a powdery appearance. The genus Cladosporium includes over 30 species. The most common ones include Cladosporium elatum, Cladosporium herbarum, Cladosporium sphaerospermum, and Cladosporium cladosporioides. http://www.mold-help.org/content/view/414/.

    D.  Other Forms of Cladosporiums

Cladosporium
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Fungi
Division:	Ascomycota
Class:	Dothideomycetes
Order:	Capnodiales
Family:	Davidiellaceae
Genus:	Cladosporium Link: Fr.
Species
Cladosporium caryigenum Cladosporium cladosporioides Cladosporium cladosporioides f.sp. pisicola Cladosporium cucumerinum Cladosporium herbarum Cladosporium musae

https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FCladosporium

     E.  More information on Cladosporiums

Cladosporium is one of the molds that cause the most allergy symptoms, producing a positive skin reaction in allergy-sensitive individuals. In certain people, a high concentration of mold is not needed to trigger a reaction. Those most at risk to develop allergic reactions are infants, children, pregnant women, and the elderly.

http://www.moldunit.com/cladosporium.html
What are the symptoms?

Symptoms most common to Cladosporium mold are: congested or runny nose, sinus problems, red and watery eyes, skin irritation, fatigue, sore throat, cough and hoarseness. Over time, more serious symptoms may develop such as, ear inflammation; nose bleeds and joint pain, without swelling

C. herbarum produces enzymes which are used in the transformation of steroid intermediates such as pregnenolone and progesterone, biologically important hormones used in the industrial production of oral contraceptives.

http://www.emlab.com/app/fungi/Fungi.po?event=fungi&type=primary&species=13

Pathogenicity and Clinical Significance Cladosporium spp. are causative agents of skin lesions, keratitis, onychomycosis, sinusitis and pulmonary infections.

http://www.doctorfungus.org/thefungi/clados

II.  Epicoccum, the second Fungi found in Brown Rain (Examples)

A.  Fungus of the Month: Epicoccum – By Dawne Yates

Epicoccum (phonetic: Epp-ee-cock-um) is a very common fungus that is an early secondary invader on all sorts of plants, particularly damaged plant tissue, and is often found on leaf spots with other fungi. It has been isolated from air, moldy paper, plant materials, animals, insects, foodstuffs, textiles, soil, and occasionally occurs in house dust. It is mostly saprophytic (obtaining food from dead or decaying organic matter), or weakly parasitic. It is ubiquitous in nature (found everywhere) and is commonly found in outdoor air. It is known to be very resistant to changes in water activity; having been known to resume growth after long periods of drying.

Figure 1: Drawings of Epicoccum
Copyright © 2006 Environmental Microbiology Laboratory, Inc.

Spores are produced very quickly and our MoldRange™ data shows the highest recovery rate, of about 30% to 35%, in the summer and the lowest recovery rate, of about 10% to 15%, in the winter. See Figure 2 below.

Figure 2: Frequency of detection and spore density by month for Epicoccum.

The gray bars represent the frequency of detection, from 0 to 1 (1=100%), graphed against the left axis. The red, green, and purple lines represent the 2.5, 50, and 97.5 percentile airborne spore densities, when recovered, graphed against the right hand axis. (Source: EMLab™ MoldRange data. Total sample size for this graph: 39,878.)

Morphology

In culture, Epicoccum is fast growing on general fungal media, and produces colonies which are woolly and/or downy in appearance. Colony colors include yellow, orange, red or brown. As the colony ages they usually become darker and black dots (spores growing on colonies) may be observed on the colony surface. These are tufts of hyphae that are cushion-shaped, non-convoluted and are called sporodochium (a cushion-like mass of conidiophores, conidia and conidiogenous cells produced above the substrate).

When observed on spore trap samples, immature Epicoccum spores may look round, non-septate, and may be pale in color, whereas when they are mature, can appear rough, warty-looking and brown to black in color, with both transverse and oblique septa, which makes them resemble a soccer ball. The broad attachment area at the base is often visible. Mature spores are most commonly 15-25 µm in diameter, but are also seen smaller and much larger (up to 50 µm diameter). Intact spores are distinctive, however young immature spores may be confused with Ulocladium, Stemphylium or possibly Alternaria. On a tape lift, Epicoccum is easily distinguishable providing the growth is mature enough to include the conidiophores and conidia.

Figure 3: Single Epicoccum spore in air sample.
Copyright © 2006 Environmental Microbiology Laboratory, Inc.

Health Effects

Epicoccum has been known to cause Type 1 allergies (hay fever and asthma). Rarely, it can cause infections in the skin due to its ability to grow at 37°C.  http://www.emlab.com/s/sampling/env-report-09-2006.html

     B.  Non-Food Allergy — fungus, Epicoccum

An Epicoccum fungus allergy is an adverse reaction by the body’s immune system to spores produced by a fungus called Epicoccum. Epicoccum tends to be found in grassland and agricultural areas. Symptoms tend to occur in a seasonal pattern as spore production by molds tends to increase and decrease with changes in seasons. The specific symptoms that can result can vary amongst patients. http://www.rightdiagnosis.com/n/non_food_allergy_fungus_epicoccum/intro.htm

 

     C.  Epicoccum Purpurascens

Epicoccum is a dematiaceous mitosporic mould widely distributed and commonly isolated from air, soil and foodstuff. It is found also in some animals and textiles. It is the common causative agent of leaf spots of various plants. The genus Epicoccum contains a single species, Epicoccum purpurascens.

Epicoccum grows rapidly and produces woolly to cottony or felty colonies on potato dextrose agar at 25?C. From the front, the colonies are yellow to orange, orange to red or pink initially and become greenish brown to black by aging. From the reverse, the same color is observed but is usually more intense than in the front view. Epicoccum may produce a diffusable pigment which turns the color of the inoculated medium to yellow, orange, red or brown. Black dots (100-2000 ?m in diameter) may be observed macroscopically on the colony surface. These are the tufts of hyphae which have conidiophores on their surface. These tufts of hyphae are cushion-shaped and nonconvoluted and are called sporodochia.   http://www.mold-help.org/content/view/416/

III.   Fusarium:  The Third Fungus Found in Brown Rain

Is this where the Fungal Agent crosses the Border to Bioweapon Agent?

     A.  Fusarium sporotrichoides

Contamination was found in affected grain in 1932, spurring research for medical purposes and for use in biological warfare. … The Soviets were accused of using the agent, dubbed “yellow rain“, to cause 6,300 deaths in Laos, Kampuchea, and Afghanistan … en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fusarium_infections

    B.   5 types of Fusarium

Fungal microbiota from rain water and pathogenicity of Fusarium species isolated from atmospheric dust and rainfall dust.

Journal of industrial microbiology & biotechnology » Fungal microbiota from rain water and pathogenicity of Fusarium…

Summary

In order to determine the presence of Fusarium spp. in atmospheric dust and rainfall dust, samples were collected during September 2007, and July, August, and October 2008. The results reveal the prevalence of airborne Fusarium species coming from the atmosphere of the South East coast of Spain. Five different Fusarium species were isolated from the settling dust: Fusarium oxysporum, F. solani, F. equiseti, F. dimerum, and F. proliferatum. Moreover, rainwater samples were obtained during significant rainfall events in January and February 2009. Using the dilution-plate method, 12 fungal genera were identified from these rainwater samples. Specific analyses of the rainwater revealed the presence of three species of Fusarium: F. oxysporum, F. proliferatum and F. equiseti. A total of 57 isolates of Fusarium spp. obtained from both rainwater and atmospheric rainfall dust sampling were inoculated onto melon (Cucumis melo L.) cv. Piñonet and tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) cv. San Pedro. These species were chosen because they are the main herbaceous crops in Almeria province. The results presented in this work indicate strongly that spores or propagules of Fusarium are able to cross the continental barrier carried by winds from the Sahara (Africa) to crop or coastal lands in Europe. Results show differences in the pathogenicity of the isolates tested. Both hosts showed root rot when inoculated with different species of Fusarium, although fresh weight measurements did not bring any information about the pathogenicity. The findings presented above are strong indications that long-distance transmission of Fusarium propagules may occur. Diseases caused by species of Fusarium are common in these areas. They were in the past, and are still today, a problem for greenhouses crops in Almería, and many species have been listed as pathogens on agricultural crops in this region. Saharan air masses dominate the Mediterranean regions. The evidence of long distance dispersal of Fusarium spp. by atmospheric dust and rainwater together with their proved pathogenicity must be taken into account in epidemiological studies.

http://www.bioportfolio.com/resources/pmarticle/75747/Fungal-Microbiota-From-Rain-Water-And-Pathogenicity-Of-Fusarium-Species-Isolated-From.html

          1. Fusarium Oxysporum

http://www.hear.org/pph/images/08_008.htm

   2.  Fusarium Solani ~ Fusarium solani macronidia

Fusarium solani. Mature macronidia showing the truncate foot cell at the attachment end, and immature macronidia still attached to the phialides. × 1000.Photograph by Merton F. Brown and Harold G. Brotzman from the APS Press slide collection, Phytopathogenic Fungi: Scanning Electron Micrographs http://www.apsnet.org/publications/imageresources/Pages/phyto31.aspx

          3.  Fusarium Equiseti

Fungi of Great Britain and Ireland

Fusarium equiseti 1  Submitted by Paul Cannon on Mon, 02/27/2012 – 18:17

http://fungi.myspecies.info/content/fusarium-equiseti-1

 
          4.  Fusarium Dimerum

http://www.dac.uem.br/micologia/fungos.php

          5.  Fusarium Proliferatum

(a) Wet mount of abscess fluid, stained with Fungi-Fluor, showing septate branching hyphae with parallel walls and hyphae that are irregular in diameter (original magnification, ×200). (b) Tip of the plant spine, which had been inoculated directly into a 12B Bactec bottle upon removal from the abscess, covered with mold after 2 days of growth. (c) Smear of plant spine culture, stained with lactophenol aniline blue, showing abundant clavate to pyriform microconidia and rare, slightly bent, sickle-shaped macroconidia (original magnification, ×400). (d) A differential interference contrast microscopy image of F. proliferatum demonstrates slender, branched septate hyphae with conidiophores arising laterally from hyphae (original magnification, ×640); conidiogenous cells bear apical falcate or nearly straight, septate macroconidia.  http://jcm.asm.org/content/48/1/338/F2.expansion.html

IV.    The Fourth Fungus found in Brown Rain

          A. Rhizopus/Mucor

http://www.dac.uem.br/micologia/fungos.php

           B.  Rhizopus, up close

Title: Rhizopus    

Text: Rhizopus is a common bread mold. The pink lines are the hyphae, the dark pink ovals are individual zygosporangia, that are produced when two individuals (a positive and negative mating type) meet. This is shown in more detail under high magnification.  (400x)

http://www1.fccj.org/dbyres/images/rhizopus2.jpg

 

V.   The Fifth  Fungi Found in Brown Rain: Ulocladium

          A.  General Information about Ulocladium

9+ species

What are some of Ulocladiums molds characteristics?

Grows well on general cellulose surfaces.

Where does Ulocladium grow outside?

Often found growing in soil, dung, paint, grasses, fibers, wood, decaying plant material, paper, and textiles.

Where does Ulocladium grow inside?

Grows indoors on cellulose containing materials such as gypsum board, paper, paint, tapestries, jute, other straw materials. Ulocladium has a high water requirement.

Is Ulocladium “black mold”?

The term black mold (also “toxic black mold”) is not scientific but is widely used by the media to usually reference Stachybotrys molds.

Health Concerns about Ulocladium

Is Ulocladium a potential allergen?

Some people may experience hay fever or asthma. This type of mold cross reacts with Alternaria, adding to the allergenic burden of Alternaria-sensitive patients.

Does Ulocladium present any unique human risks? (as pathogen, opportunist or contaminant)*

Rare cases reported of subcutaneous tissue infection.

Can Ulocladium produce toxins?*

Unknown.

Identification of Ulocladium

Can Ulocladium be identified via Air Sampling?

May be confused with spores of Alternaria and Pithomyces.

Can it be identified via Direct Sampling?

May be confused with spores of Alternaria.

OTHER:

What are some of Ulocladium’s industrial uses?

Unknown.
*Other types of disease not listed in this description may also result from exposure.



**Indicates potential toxin production by given species of this genus. Not all toxins are produced by all species and the extent is highly dependent on environmental conditions. List may not be all inclusive due to new discoveries in research.
http://www.environix.com/mold-iaq-library/mold/ulocladium/

VI.    The Sixth Fungi found in the “Brown Rain”:  Sependonium Example

Genus:Sepedonium
Species:
Disease(s):None associated
Image Type:Microscopic Morphology
Title:Slide culture

Image Legend: Large conidia morphologically similar to Histoplasma capsulatum, potato glucose agar, 25C.

 

Genus:Sepedonium
Species:
Disease(s):None associated
Image Type:Microscopic Morphology
Title:Conidia

Image Legend:Large aleuroconidia that can be easily confused with the macroconidia of Histoplasma capsulatum. Phase contrast microscopy, potato glucose agar, 400X.

Genus:Sepedonium
Species:
Disease(s):Hyalohyphomycosis
Image Type:Microscopic Morphology
Reference #: GK 435

Image Legend:Microscopic morphology of Sepedonium sp. showing hyaline, nonspecialized conidiophores, resembling short branches of the vegetative hyphae. Conidia are terminal, solitary, or in clusters, one-celled, globose to ovoid, 7 to 17�m, hyaline to amber, smooth to verrucose and usually with a thick wall.

http://www.doctorfungus.org/imageban/ib_res2.pl

VII.    Yeast Cells and conversion to myclial (fungal) form depending on Temperature

A.  Yeast converts to Fungi

“The fungal infection taught me many different things. I discovered a two slide culture technique that allowed me to observe the conversion of yeast cells to a mycelial form that developed as the yeast cells cooled to room temperature. This culture method gave me ample opportunity to watch the mycelial growth. I also recorded interactions among my immune cells and the infecting yeast cells by examining stained slides of fresh sputum samples.

In this report, I have included a description of the 2 slide culture and a collection of photomicrographs that I took over several months.  The medical care I received was disappointing. I am concerned for others who develop this infection. It is unlikely that they will be diagnosed. See my reflections on an illness.

The following photomicrograph show white, unstained yeast cells of different sizes and dark stained lymphocytes that often attach to yeast cells. In other slides, dense clusters of macrophages and neutrophils are also seen. The immune defense involves the coordinated attack of different cell types with different jobs. The yeast cells are apparently difficult to kill.”

My lymphocytes (with dark stained nuclei) attacking blastomycosis cells 1000 X Fresh sputum sample. One giant yeast cell is obvious, other small, recently budded yeast cells are more numerous.

See Image library for detailed study of this dimorphic fungal pathogen.

http://www.nutramed.com/Fungi/blastomycosis_story.htm

     B.    Title : Saccharomyces  (yeast)

 

X1000     Text :  A large group of single celled yeast are shown here. Yeast is an ascomycete, but it reproduces almost exclusively by asexual reproduction (budding). Each cell just divides in two. This genus of yeast is used for baking (it makes the carbon dioxide that helps dough to rise) and also beer and wine making (in anaerobic conditions yeast produces alcohol). The genome of yeast was recently sequenced.  http://www1.fccj.org/dbyres/images/yeast1000.jpg

C.  Candida Yeast
 

Candida albicans chlamydoconidia, grown on cornmeal agar with 10% tween, Dalmau method

This species is the most commonly-isolated yeast in human disease. It has been implicated in both superficial and systemic disease. Recent reports of infections include corneal [192], ear [1328], and bloodstream [430]. Although this species continues to be the most common species isolated in bloodstream infections, reports show that the incidence is decreasing and the resistance is rare in neonatal populations [1013]

http://www.doctorfungus.org/thefungi/Candida_albicans.php

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Morgellons Artifacts comparable to some of these yeasts and fungi:

Many more images of the Morgellons Syndrome Artifacts found here:

 http://www.morgboard.proboards.com/index.cgi?board=general&action=display&thread=41

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 Information and Images compiled by Kathryn Augustyn, with credit to Larry Meyer, Lee Riddle, Yvette Richard, (entire MRG), and especially Marla Crites and Betty Credit (Chico Skywatch)

Many Thanks to all who participated in the material collection for this report. MRG, Chico SkyWatch, ProLabs, and special thanks to Lee Riddle for supplying fungi information and images Yvette Richard for contacting the SkyWatch Groups and Larry Meyer for culturing specimens from Brown Rain. A special thanks to Toni Starr for keeping this website operating and to Dr. Wil Spencer who has said that Fungi is involved in Morgellons. We also wish to thank our President, who has been in the background tooting our horn and for two others, one who is attempting to isolate the spirochete that is involved with fungi as well and the other is looking for an enzyme that will break down this fungi and its related symbionts. A special thank you and appreciation goes out to Marla Crites and Betty Credit for “The Brown Rain Story”, basic lab reports and sending specimens for culture to Larry Meyer. MRG is grateful for fine friends and those who are members of various SkyWatch Groups and are Geoengineering and Bioengineering WatchDogs. We could not move forward without the help of those who care about Our Earth and every life form upon it.

 SOURCE: Morgellons Research Group
http://morgellonsresearchgroup.com/mrg-reports-on-on-the-brown-rain-story/